Is Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) still fit for purpose?

The research on the effectiveness of CPTED has been quite positive, but is it evolving logically and should this be a focus of attention for security professionals. Does the modern variation need to include the additional ‘M’ for management? What did Covid teach us about how to use space wisely and were CPTED principles relevant? In seeking to tackle bribery, slum control, cartels, gated communities has it extended beyond its remit and value or does it provide the essential tool to guide secu...